NFPA Journal®, November/December 2007
By Casey C. Grant, P.E.
The Cocoanut Grove fire was an immense tragedy. Yet this event brought about very positive changes in regulations concerning fire safety. Furthermore, it stimulated action all over the nation. Fire officials from all over the country came to Boston in the days following the fire to take back with them the painful lesson learned.

Perhaps the most searing discussion of this subject was published in a front page article of the international newspaper Christian Science Monitor on the Monday following the fire. The following quotation is from this article, entitled “Call for ‘Fire Trap’ Cleanup Follows Night Club Disaster”.
“Boston building laws are in a ‘chaotic condition’, subject to ‘incompetent enforcement, political influence and careless management’ charged Robert S. Moulton of the National Fire Protection Association. ‘The Cocoanut Grove night club tragedy,’ he declared ‘is clearly due to gross violation of several fundamental principles of fire safety, which have been demonstrated by years of experience in other fires, and which should be known to everybody’.
“Expanding upon his charge that Boston’s building code is ‘chaotic’, Mr. Moulton said, ‘the most glaring feature of this tragedy was the lack of proper exits. Revolving doors have long been considered by the National Fire Protection Association Committee on Safety to Life as a menace under fire and panic conditions. Even though a revolving door may be a so-called collapsible type, it can readily serve as a death trap.’ The principal Piedmont Street entrance to the Cocoanut Grove was a revolving door.
“Mr. Moulton pointed out that the National Fire Protection Association had formulated a standard Building Exits Code through representative committees of the Nation’s experts. Under this code, night clubs are ‘rightly considered essentially a place of public assembly’ he declared, ‘in the same class as a theater, but having greater possibilities of fire.’”
In the year following the fire, building codes from coast-to-coast were revamped in accordance with the knowledge gained from the fire. In a United Press article entitled “Nation’s Cities Order Stringent Fire Prevention” that ran four days after the fire, changes in fire regulations were referenced in St. Louis, Miami, Cleveland, Philadelphia, Detroit, Des Moines, Chicago, Kansas City, Albany, and Helena Montana.
And of course the Massachusetts legislature had introduced and adopted a flurry of new measures regulating fire safety in public buildings. One of the first of a series of changes affecting virtually every public building in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts was symbolized by the removal of the two revolving doors from Boston City Hall four days after the fire.
With the widespread and numerous changes in fire safety regulations, the most notable advancements that had gained recognition can be summarized as follows:
• Exits. All portions of a building used for public assemblies should have two separate and remote means of egress. The necessary number of reliable exits should be available for the expected occupancy. Exits should function only with approved panic hardware and swing with the direction of flow. Revolving doors are unacceptable as exits and must be flanked by standard exit doors.
• Combustible Materials. No combustible materials should be used for decorations in places of public assembly. Materials used for interior finishes should conform to nationally recognized test methods.
• Definition of Places of Public Assembly. Surprisingly, night clubs and restaurants had not been considered in many jurisdictions as places of public assembly. After the fire, however, this changed. The shortcoming of building regulations that had evolved based on political favoritism while neglecting real danger were now painfully obvious.
• Emergency Lighting. Lights for an emergency situation should be permanently installed to allow egress from the building. These lights should be reliable and independent from the regular lighting.
• Automatic Sprinklers. Even though overshadowed by such flagrant inadequacies as the lack of proper exits, it was recognized that automatic sprinklers would have dramatically changed the outcome of this fire. This gained recognition as an alternative to difficult regulatory situations, such as an existing restaurant or nightclub located below grade.
________________________________________
Casey C. Grant, P.E. is Research Director for the Fire Protection Research Foundation. He can be reached at cgrant@nfpa.org. For more information: http://www.nfpa.org/journalDetail.asp?categoryID=1517&itemID=36758&src=NFPAJournalrel=”nofollow”

Leinbach Services Inc. repairs and replaces commercial and residential door hardware. We have locations in Kingsport, Johnson City, Bristol, TN and Abingdon, VA.

Kingsport- 423-239-3147

Johnson City- 423-282-4983

Bristol, TN- 423-764-0126

Abingdon, VA 276-628-3975

Email: servicerequest@leinbachservices.com

Let Leinbach Services Inc. be your commercial heating, air conditioning, plumber, electrician and handyman. We have locations in Kingsport, TN, Johnson City, TN, Bristol, TN and Abingdon, VA.

We do:

water heater repair, faucet repair, drain cleaning, toilet repair, toilet replacement, Heating, HVAC, AC, heating and air, heating & cooling, air conditioning, furnace, electrical, wiring installation, electrical wiring, home improvement, house repair, garage door repairs, commercial door repair, commercial door replacement.

Leinbach Services Inc in Tennessee is the only name you need to know when it comes to your building maintenance needs. Whether it is residential or commercial, Leinbach Services Inc can be your plumber, electrician, heating and air conditioning specialist and Handyman Company. We also do commercial door hardware repair and replacement, parking lot lights replacements and parking lot signs.

You can Call 24 hours!  We Take the “Wait” out of service

Call Leinbach Services Inc if you need the following repairs:

Toilet repair

Faucet repair

Water heater repair

Electrical wiring installation

Heating and air conditioning repair

Door repair

Door installation

Door closer

Home improvement

and more…

AC, air conditioning, heating and air conditioning, humidifiers, air quality product installation, HVAC, electrician, plumber, Handyman, water heater repair, wiring installation, faucet repair, You can Call 24 hours

Whether you spell our name Lineback Services, Linebaugh Services, Lineback Services, Leinback Services, we still want to be your plumber, electrician, heater, faucet and toilet repair company that you call.

Vision Statement:
Through our member Companies to provide each of our customers and clients with a level of service and integrity that all become Raving Fans.
Mission Statement:
TNVABizAlliance is a group of like minded providers of a variety of services banded together, accountable to each other and our customers to provide value, top quality and consistent service.
Management of each organization represented will certify compliance to the TNVABizAlliance Vision Statement, Mission Statement, and Points of Culture. A philosophy of continuous improvement will be practiced by all members as we strive to be better able to serve our customers and clients each successive day. Open communication within the group, the organizations, and with our customers/clients will be a key element of our success and growth.
Members of the TNVABizAllinace will be invited to the group based on the proven commitment of service to their customers and level of personal and corporate integrity as demonstrated in the marketplace and witnessed by their peers. Each member will participate in group meetings as we continue to provide better service by improving ourselves through education, integration of new technologies in our business, and enhanced business practices.
12 Points of Culture:
1. Commitment:
I give myself and everything I commit to 100 percent until I succeed. I am committed to the Vision, Mission, and Culture statements and the success of the TNVABizAlliance, our current and future team and the clients at all times.
2. Ownership:
I am truly responsible for my actions and outcomes and own everything that takes place in my work and life.
3. Integrity:
I always speak the truth. What I promise is what I deliver. I only ever make agreements with myself and others that I am willing and intend to keep. I communicate any potential broke agreements at the first opportunity and I clear up all broke agreements immediately.
4. Excellence:
Good enough isn’t. I always deliver products and services of exceptional quality and add value to all involved for the long term. I look for ways to do more with less and stay on a path of constant and never-ending improvement and innovation.
5. Communication;
I speak positively of my colleagues both in public and private. I speak with good purpose using empowering and positive conversation.
6. Success;
I totally focus my thoughts, energy and attention on the successful outcome of whatever I am doing. I am willing to win and allow others to win. At all times I display my inner pride, prosperity, competence and personal confidence. I am a successful person.
7. Education:
I learn from my mistakes. I consistently learn, grow and master so that I can help my fellow team members and clients learn, grow, and master too.
8. Teamwork;
I am a team player and team leader. I do whatever it takes to stay together and achieve team goals. I focus on cooperation and always come to a resolution not a compromise. I am flexible in my work and able to change if what I’m doing is not working. I ask for help when I need it and am compassionate to others who ask me.
9. Balance;
I have a balance approach to life, remembering that my spirit, social physical and family aspects are just s important s my financial and intellectual.
10. Fun;
I view my life as a journey to be enjoyed and appreciated and I create an atmosphere of fun and happiness so all around me enjoy it as well.
11. Systems;
I always look to the systems for a solution. If a challenge arises I use a systems correction before I look for people correction.
12. Consistency;
I am consistent in my actions so my clients and team can feel comfortable in dealing with me at all times. I am disciplined in my work so my results growth and successes are consistent.

Click here (http://www.tnvabizalliance.com/) for more information.

TNVABizAlliance announces the opening of our web site www. TNVABizAlliance.com. The TNVABIzAlliance is a group Tri-Cities Businesses banding together to promote each other and dedicated to provide better service to our respective clients and customers through continued education, integration of new technologies in our businesses, and enhanced business practices.

TNVABizAlliance is a non-profit organization and is industry exclusive for its members. We will comprise all types of businesses for both Business-to-Business and Business-to-Consumer however only one per category. Businesses can be service providers or manufacturers.

Monthly meetings are held by our group to provide education in areas such as internet advertising, how to use a blog, social media, or a host of other topics.

Please join us at our next meeting on Friday February 18 at 11:30 to 1:00 at Saratoga Technologies 101 Med Tech Parkway Suite 307
Johnson City, TN. Go to http://www.eventbrite.com/event/1271528175 to register. Bring your lunch, network, and learn about our group of business owners dedicated to helping each other and our businesses.

Any number of things can cause a power outage during the winter months. Most probably it is weather-related. If it is caused by the weather, the outage could be wide-spread or it could be localized.

First check to make sure you have not blown a circuit or a fuse. Check the circuit breakers or fuses in your home’s electrical panel.

If power is out in your entire neighborhood, call your local utility company to report the outage. The phone number should be on your electricity bill, or check the white pages in your phone book.

If power is out over a widespread area, it may take a longer time to restore power everywhere. Sometimes it can be out for days.

Here are some things to remember or to do…

* UNLESS there is an emergency, do not call 9-1-1. That number should ONLY be used if there is an emergency, or if someone is injured or in danger.

* If there are power lines down in your neighborhood, do call 9-1-1 and call your utility company. DO NOT GO NEAR DOWNED POWER LINES.

* Listen to your battery-powered radio or TV, especially for news at the top of each hour, to find out when the power might be restored.

* Dress to stay warm – wear layers, including a sweater, sweatshirt or even a jacket. You lose heat through your hands and the top of your head. Wear gloves and a knit hat, not just a baseball cap.

* Avoid opening your refrigerator and freezer as much as possible. Food inside should stay cold for hours if the door is left closed.

* Unplug some of your major appliances. When the power comes back on, all of those appliances can create a drain or power surge. This can harm sensitive equipment. To avoid a power surge when the electricity returns, turn off computers, TVs, stereos and other unnecessary electronic equipment at the power source. Leave a light on so you’ll know when the power is restored.

* If you have a generator, do not connect it to your home’s power system unless it has been properly installed and disconnects you from the main power grid when it is operating. If you do not disconnect from the power grid, you can be sending electricity back down the lines; not just to your home. That could be deadly for power company workers.

* If you have a regular wood stove or fireplace, you can use it for heat. However, DO NOT USE kerosene heaters, BBQs, or any outdoor type heater inside. Such devices create poisonous gases such as carbon monoxide. Carbon monoxide is an odorless and colorless gas given off by combustion and could kill.

* Check on your elderly neighbors or those who may have medical conditions or use medical machinery that operates on electricity. Make sure they are dressed appropriately warm. If someone needs to have machinery that operates on electricity, move her to a place where electricity is working.

* If you have to go out, drive carefully. Remember that traffic signals may be out during a power outage. Consider each intersection to be a four-way stop and drive defensively.

A Warning About HYPOTHERMIA – Source: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

The human body loses heat during the winter due to the conduction and convection of heat from the skin to nearby air, due to evaporation of moisture from the skin surface, and due to normal respiration. To compensate for this heat loss, the body burns energy to produce heat to keep the body temperature at a relatively constant level. If, however, a body loses heat faster than it can produce heat, the body temperature will cool to below normal levels, a medical condition known as hypothermia.

Hypothermia will gradually worsen unless the overall rate of heat loss can be stopped. The warning signs for hypothermia may start with shivering and shaking and may end in death. Initially, as the body temperature starts to drop, shivering begins. At the same time, the brain begins to reduce the amount of blood that is circulated to the extremities of the body in order to conserve heat for the vital organs near the body’s central core. If the central core of the body continues to cool, uncontrollable shaking, memory loss, disorientation, incoherence, slurred speech, drowsiness and apparent exhaustion may develop. These are all signs of a very serious situation. If the body core temperature drops below 95 degrees Fahrenheit, just 4 degrees below normal, immediate care is needed, as the person will likely become irrational. Once the body core temperature drops below 90 degrees, the person loses muscle control, and outside help is the person’s only hope for survival. If that help is not available, heart and/or respiratory failure and death will eventually follow as the core temperature continues to drop.

If a person is suffering from hypothermia, it’s critically important that the person be warmed properly. If warmed improperly, death may result. In a hypothermic person, cold blood is concentrated in the extremities. If these extremities are warmed too quickly, this cold blood will be released into the body’s central core, possibly lowering the central core temperature to a fatal level. Use the following steps to raise the core temperature of a hypothermic person.

* Get the person into dry clothing if their clothes are wet.
* Put on additional clothing to warm the person’s head and trunk, such as a hat and vest.
* Wrap the person in a warm blanket and be sure their head and neck are covered. Do not cover their extremities.
* Give them warm liquids to drink, but no alcohol, drugs or coffee.
* Seek medical attention, if necessary.
* Hypothermia can also develop in elderly people in a cool room with few, if any, warning signs.
by Comsumer Energy Center

If you are having electrical problems, call Leinbach Services Inc. Our electrician will come out and check your electrical service.
Leinbach Services Inc. are located in Bristol, TN, Johnson City, Kingsport and Abingdon VA. We service the Tri-Cities area and beyond.

Let Leinbach Services Inc. be your electrician, plumber, heating, air conditioning, and handyman. We have locations in Kingsport, TN, Johnson City, TN, Bristol, TN and Abingdon, VA.

We do:

water heater repair, faucet repair, drain cleaning, toilet repair, toilet replacement, Heating, HVAC, AC, heating and air, heating & cooling, air conditioning, furnace, electrical, wiring installation, electrical wiring, home improvement, house repair, garage door repairs, commercial door repair, commercial door replacement.

Leinbach Services Inc in Tennessee is the only name you need to know when it comes to your building maintenance needs. Whether it is residential or commercial, Leinbach Services Inc can be your plumber, electrician, heating and air conditioning specialist and Handyman Company. We also do commercial door hardware repair and replacement, parking lot lights replacements and parking lot signs.

You can Call 24 hours!  We Take the “Wait” out of service

Call Leinbach Services Inc if you need the following repairs:

Toilet repair

Faucet repair

Water heater repair

Electrical wiring installation

Heating and air conditioning repair

Door repair

Door installation

Door closer

Home improvement

and more…

AC, air conditioning, heating and air conditioning, humidifiers, air quality product installation, HVAC, electrician, plumber, Handyman, water heater repair, wiring installation, faucet repair, You can Call 24 hours

Whether you spell our name Lineback Services, Linebaugh Services, Lineback Services, Leinback Services, we still want to be your plumber, electrician, heater, faucet and toilet repair company that you call.

Although all furnace mounted humidifiers work under the same principles, there are two basic types.

The humidifier may be a flow-through type where the water flows through the humidifier and drains out; or it may be a reservoir type which uses a reservoir of water and a rotating drum to introduce the moisture necessary for humidified air.

With flow-through humidifiers you don’t have to worry about possible bacteria growing in the reservoir’s standing water which can cause illness or humidifier fever.

Flow-through humidifiers may be mounted to the air return duct and connect to the hot air supply off the furnace by using a humidifier supply takeoff duct as shown in this photo. The supply takeoff bypass duct diverts some heated air to the humidifier by taking advantage of a natural pressure differential between the supply and return sides of the furnace. The warm air absorbs moisture from the evaporator pad inside the humidifier and returns to the warm air stream through the cold air return duct and furnace.

Some models may be mounted directly to the hot air supply duct and not use a supply takeoff duct at all.
By Bob Formisano at About.com.http://homerepair.about.com/od/heatingcoolingrepair/ss/humidifier_anat.htm

Leinbach Services Inc. can install a humidifier into your heating and air conditioning unit. We serve both residential and commercial buildings in Bristol, TN,Va, Johnson City, Kingsport and Abingdon, VA.

Leinbach Services Inc in Tennessee is the only name you need to know when it comes to your building maintenance needs. Whether it is residential or commercial, Leinbach Services Inc can be your plumber, electrician, heating and air conditioning specialist and Handyman Company. We also do commercial door hardware repair and replacement, parking lot lights replacements and parking lot signs.

You can Call 24 hours!  We Take the “Wait” out of service

Call Leinbach Services Inc if you need the following repairs:

Toilet repair

Faucet repair

Water heater repair

Electrical wiring installation

Heating and air conditioning repair

Door repair

Door installation

Door closer

Home improvement

and more…

AC, air conditioning, heating and air conditioning, humidifiers, air quality product installation, HVAC, electrician, plumber, Handyman, water heater repair, wiring installation, faucet repair, You can Call 24 hours

Whether you spell our name Lineback Services, Linebaugh Services, Lineback Services, Leinback Services, we still want to be your plumber, electrician, heater, faucet and toilet repair company that you call.

When it comes to an investment for your home or business, you definitely want to do your homework. Price is always a factor, but be sure to keep style and quality of materials in mind as well.
Not all fencing is created equal, and that’s a good thing. The fact is a chain link fence for use as a dog kennel doesn’t need to be at the same level as a chain link fence surrounding a power transformer. When getting estimates for your job, make sure the products specified are right for your project.
With wood fences, pressure treated lumber is going to give you many years of service. Cedar is also a very attractive alternative. It costs a little more on the front end, but will save much more money over the course of time.
Vinyl or PVC fencing is also another great alternative. Vinyl fences provide years of virtually maintenance free service. There is a wide variety of types and styles available to fit your needs. Picket, privacy and ranch style fences are all available in vinyl material. Careful consideration should be given to purpose and yard conditions when thinking about having a vinyl fence installed.
Chain link fences are probably one of the most economical and secure fence styles available. Chain link can be used to secure everything from your children and pets to commercial and industrial properties and equipment. A chain link fence can also be an attractive addition to your lawn. It is available as a standard galvanized mesh or in a variety of colors such as black, brown and green. You can even custom order colors like white, red and blue, for your unique application.
It’s also important to make sure the installation meets your needs. Sharp Fence Company prides itself in providing the highest quality installation services by experienced, skilled technicians. We are so confident in our installation processes that we offer each of our customers a standard 24 month warranty on installation workmanship.
At Sharp Fence Company, every job is custom. We specify the material that fits the customer’s needs. You can be sure that whatever we specify is a quality product that will provide you with years of service.
Call us today. We will give you an estimate tailored specifically to your project and answer any questions you might have – all with no obligation.
Posted by Shannon on February 4, 2011
Visit Sharp Fencing Company athttp://www.sharpfence.com/

* Saves money, uses less energy,
* They go on instantly (CFLs warm up),
* contain no mercury or lead,
* Can decrease the danger of getting burnt,
* Are less a fire hazard because they generate less heat,
* Last longer, so you buy less often and less go to the landfills.
* Have less green house gas emissions from power plants

Leinbach Services Inc. can change out your lighting to help you save money.
Leinbach Services Inc. have four locations in Kingsport, Bristol, TN, Johnson City and Abingdon, VA.

Let Leinbach Services Inc. be your heating, air conditioning, plumber, electrician and handyman. We have locations in Kingsport, TN, Johnson City, TN, Bristol, TN and Abingdon, VA.

We do:

electrical, wiring installation, water heater repair, faucet repair, drain cleaning, toilet repair, toilet replacement, Heating, HVAC, AC, heating and air, heating & cooling, air conditioning, furnace, electrical wiring, home improvement, house repair, garage door repairs, commercial door repair, commercial door replacement.

Leinbach Services Inc in Tennessee is the only name you need to know when it comes to your building maintenance needs. Whether it is residential or commercial, Leinbach Services Inc can be your plumber, electrician, heating and air conditioning specialist and Handyman Company. We also do commercial door hardware repair and replacement, parking lot lights replacements and parking lot signs.

You can Call 24 hours!  We Take the “Wait” out of service

Call Leinbach Services Inc if you need the following repairs:

Electrical wiring installation

Toilet repair

Faucet repair

Water heater repair

Heating and air conditioning repair

Door repair

Door installation

Door closer

Home improvement

and more…

electrician, wiring installation, AC, air conditioning, heating and air conditioning, humidifiers, air quality product installation, HVAC, plumber, Handyman, water heater repair,  faucet repair, You can Call 24 hours

Whether you spell our name Lineback Services, Linebaugh Services, Lineback Services, Leinback Services, we still want to be your plumber, electrician, heater, faucet and toilet repair company that you call.

To be COOL TODAY call one of our office numbers:

Kingsport (423) 239-3147 / Johnson City 282-4983 / Bristol (423) 764-0126 Abingdon, VA (276) 628-3975 or

email us at servicerequest@leinbachservice.com

Call us anytime, 24 hour a day

Become a Comfort Club Member Today!

* Your service request goes to the top of the list

* Emergency Service 24 hours a day, 7 days a week (regular service prices)

* Save 10% on HVAC Services parts and labor

* Lower Power bills

* Save 10% on Plumbing Services parts and labor

* Increase the life of your units with bi-annual maintenance

* Save 10% on Electrical Services parts and labor

* Can catch small problems before they become bigger

* Save 10% on Commercial Door Hardware Repair parts and labor

* Limit repairs because we will be caring for the equipment

* Improve the capacity of the unit for maximum desired output

Save Your Money!

FACT: Dirty blowers and coils can cause your utility bill to increase by 35%.
FACT: If you have to add refrigerant to your air conditioning system that means you have a leak. You are damaging the environment. It costs money to add refrigerant.
FACT: Keeping your system clean can extend the life of the equipment, saving you money from replacing it.
FACT: 80% of all compressor failures could have been avoided if a proper maintenance had been performed.

THE AIR INSIDE YOUR HOME IS 4-5 TIMES DIRTIER THAN THE AIR OUTSIDE?
There are several products you can use to improve the health of your family. They include:

* Ultra Violet Lights for removal of 99% of air borne germs and bacteria
* High Efficiency Filters that remove 99.8% of pollutants such as animal dander, pollen, and smoke
* Programmable Thermostats to control humidity and temperature levels

Call Leinbach Services Inc today and sign up for a PPM. We have four local locations in Kingsport, Bristol TN, Johnson City and Abingdon, VA. We service both residential and commercial buildings.

Email us for an appointment or more information at

servicerequest@leinbachservices.com

In Abingdon, VA-276-628-3975                   

In Bristol, TN-423-764-0126

In Johnson City, TN-423-282-4983      

In Bristol, VA- 423-764-0126

In Kingsport, TN-423-239-3147                                                      

Call Leinbach Services Inc if you need the following repairs:

Toilet repair

Faucet repair

Water heater repair

Electrical wiring installation

Heating and air conditioning repair

Door repair

Door closer

Home improvement

Leinbach Services Inc in Tennessee is the only name you need to know when it comes to your building maintenance needs. Whether it is residential or commercial, Leinbach Services Inc can be your plumber, electrician, heating and air conditioning specialist and Handyman Company. We also do commercial door hardware repair and replacement, parking lot lights replacements and parking lot signs.

You can Call 24 hours!  We Take the “Wait” out of service

Call Leinbach Services Inc if you need the following repairs:

Toilet repair

Faucet repair

Water heater repair

Electrical wiring installation

Heating and air conditioning repair

Door repair

Door installation

Door closer

Home improvement

and more…

AC, air conditioning, heating and air conditioning, humidifiers, air quality product installation, HVAC, electrician, plumber, Handyman, water heater repair, wiring installation, faucet repair, You can Call 24 hours

Whether you spell our name Lineback Services, Linebaugh Services, Lineback Services, Leinback Services, we still want to be your plumber, electrician, heater, faucet and toilet repair company that you call.